An algorithm for generating digital watermarks robust against brute-force attacks
V. Mitekin

 

Samara State Aerospace University, Samara, Russia,

Image Processing Systems Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Samara, Russia

Full text of article: Russian language.

 PDF

Abstract:
This paper presents a new method for high-capacity robust watermarking of hyperspectral images. A new algorithm for two-dimensional “noise-like” watermarking patterns generation is proposed as part of robust watermark embedding and detection procedures. The experimental research provided in this work shows that the average complexity of the brute-force key retrieval attack can be increased to 1014 watermark extraction attempts (compared to 104-105 for known robust watermarking schemes). Experimental results also show that the watermark preserves its robustness against lossy compression of host video, at the same time preserving a higher video quality (PSNR up to 51dB) compared to known wavelet-based and DCT-based watermarking algorithms.

Keywords:
Information hiding; image watermarking; brute-force attack; spread spectrum watermarking; cyclically permutable code.

Citation:
Mitekin VA. An algorithm for generating digital watermarks robust against brute-force attacks. Computer Optics 2015; 39(5): 808-17. DOI: 10.18287/0134-2452-2015-39-5-808-817.

References:

  1. Lin ET, Delp EJ. Temporal synchronization in video watermarking, IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2004; 52(10): 3007-22.
  2. Delannay D. Digital watermarking algorithms robust against loss of synchronization. Technical report, UCL 2004.
  3. Doërr G, Dugelay JL. Security pitfalls of frame-by-frame approaches to video watermarking. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2004; 52(10): 2955-64.
  4. Pavel G. Embedding, Extraction Detection of Digital Watermark in Spectral Images, Technical report. Lappeenranta university of technology 2005.
  5. Bianchi T, Piva A. Secure watermarking for multimedia content protection: A review of its benefits open issues. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 2013; 30(2): 87-96.
  6. Cox IJ, Kilian J, Leighton FT. Shamoon, T. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia, IEEE Transactions on Image Processing; 6(12): 1673-87.
  7. Hartung FH, Girod B. Digital watermarking of raw compressed video, Advanced Imaging Network Technologies, International Society for Optics Photonics, 1996; 205-13.
  8. Hartung F, Girod B. Copyright protection in video delivery networks by watermarking of pre-compressed video. Multimedia Applications, Services Techniques-ECMAST'97. Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1997; 1242; 423-36.
  9. Hartung, F. Girod, B. Fast public-key watermarking of compressed video. International Conference on Image Processing, 1997; 1: 528-31.
  10. Hartung F, Girod B. Digital watermarking of MPEG-2 coded video in the bitstream domain. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, Signal Processing ICASSP-97 1997: 4: 2621-4.
  11. Hartung F, Girod B. Watermarking of uncompressed compressed video. Signal processing 1998; 66(3): 283-301.
  12. Tirkel AZ, Hall TE. A unique watermark for every image, IEEE MultiMedia 2001; 8(4): 30-7.
  13. van Schyndel RG, Tirkel AZ, Svalbe ID. Key independent watermark detection. Multimedia Computing Systems, 1999, IEEE International Conference on', IEEE, 1999; 1: 580-5.
  14. van Schyndel RG, Tirkel AZ, Svalbe ID, Hall TE, Osborne CF. Spread-Spectrum Digital Watermarking Concepts Higher Dimensional Array Constructions. First International Online Symposium on Electronics Engineering 2000.
  15. van Schyndel RG, Tirkel AZ, Svalbe ID, Hall TE, Osborne CF. Algebraic construction of a new class of quasi-orthogonal arrays for steganography. Electronic Imaging 99, International Society for Optics Photonics 1999; 354-64.
  16. Chen L, Gong G. Communication system security. CRC press; 2012.
  17. Mitekin VA, Fedoseev VA. A new method for high-capacity information hiding in video robust against temporal desynchronization. Seventh International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2014), International Society for Optics and Photonics 2015; 94451A. Proc of SPIE9445 2015; 9445. – 7p. doi:10.1117/12.2180550.
  18. Tsai DM, Lin CT. Fast normalized cross correlation for defect detection. Pattern Recognition Letters 2003; 24(15): 2625-31.
  19. Mitekin VA,Timbay EI. A new watermarking sequence generation algorithm for collision-free digital watermarking. IEEE Eighth International Conference on'Intelligent Information Hiding Multimedia Signal Processing (IIH-MSP) 2012; 256-60.
  20. Moreno O, Tirkel AZ, Parampalli U, Van Schyndel R. New families of arrays in two dimensions for watermarking applications. Electronics letters 2010; 46(22):1500-2.
  21. Seo JS, Yoo CD. Design of template in the autocorrelation domain. Electronic Imaging 2002, International Society for Optics Photonics 2002; 305-12.
  22. Omrani R, Elia P, Kumar PV. New constructions bounds for 2-D optical orthogonal codes. Sequences and Their Applications-SETA 2005; 3485: 389-95.
  23. Bitan S, Etzion T. Constructions for optimal constant weight cyclically permutable codes difference families. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 1995; 41(1): 77-87.
  24. Ponomarenko N, Silvestri F, Egiazarian K, Carli M, Astola J, Lukin V. On between-coefficient contrast masking of DCT basis functions. Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Video Processing Quality Metrics 2007; 4: 4 p.
  25. Hsu CT, Wu JL. DCT-based watermarking for video. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics, 1998; 44(1): 206-16.
  26. Preda RO, Vizireanu DN. A robust digital watermarking scheme for video copyright protection in the wavelet domain. Measurement 2010; 43(10): 1720-6.

© 2009, IPSI RAS
151, Molodogvardeiskaya str., Samara, 443001, Russia; E-mail: journal@computeroptics.ru ; Tel: +7 (846) 242-41-24 (Executive secretary), +7 (846) 332-56-22 (Issuing editor), Fax: +7 (846) 332-56-20